Mold for lining shells of journal-bearings



4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(NoMod L) 1 0.1.UEBELA0KBR, MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS 0P JOURNAL BEARINGS.

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O. F. UEBELAGKER. MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS 0F JOURNAL BEARINGS.

, Patehted'DemQl, 1897. 5

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES F. UEBELAOKER, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS OF JOURNAL-BEARINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,825, dated December21, 1897.

Application filed October 16, 1896. Serial No. 609,067- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. UEBEL- ACKER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Newark, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Molds for Lining Shellsof J ournal-Bearin gs, fully described and represented in the followingSpecification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

The object of this invention is to furnish a means of casting aBabbitt'or other fusible lining within a metallic shell orjournal-bearing and simultaneously forming inclined or spiraloil-channels upon the inner surface of the lining. Such oil channels arereadily formed by furnishing the mandrel upon which the lining is castwith ribs projected from the surface of the mandrel upon suitable lines.Where such ribs wind around the surface of the mandrel over ninetydegrees of its periphery, as is required to freely distribute the oil insuch linings, the rib cannot be detached from the Babbitt lining whenthe lining is cast thereon if the mandrel and rib are in one singlepiece. To facilitate the removal of such a ribbed mandrel from the castlining, I form the mandrel with a base or core having superficialdetachable segments, to which the ribs are fastened, dividing themandrel into such segments that each includes only such portion of theribs as is adapted to withdraw from the cast. lining when completed. Toeffect this result, the segments are made detachable upon that part ofthe mandrel .where the ribs are undercut or liable to be locked in thelining when cast; but the core may extend to the surface of themandrel,where the ribs are not attached thereto in an undercut position.To center the mandrel within the shell which is to be lined, I furnishcaps fitted to the flanges of the shell and provided with recesses tohold the mandrel concentric with such shell and form the pouring-holethrough one of said caps of tapering form and largest upon its innerend, so that the sprue which chills in such pou ring-h ole maybe readilyremoved therefrom with the shell and its lining. A detachable hopper isapplied to the outer end of such pouring-hole and is hinged or jointed.to move transversely to such hole to shear off the metal at thejunction of the hopper and pouring-hole before such metal is chilled orlooks the hopper to the sprue. The sprues are chipped or sawed from thelinings after the shell is removed from the mold. Where the shell iscylindrical, the caps may be centered exclusively by the shell; butwhere a half-shell is to be lined I mount the two semicylindrical capsupon a fiat back plate and secure them movably thereto, with means forpressing one or both of the caps toward the end of the shell. In thisconstruction the detachable segments upon the mandrel may be providedwith pins fitted to holes in the back plate to retain the segments andcore of the mandrel in their requiredposition before the caps areadjusted, such segments being formed to draw from the back plate whenthe lining is removed and to be separately detached from the liningafterward. By making the core of the mandrel tapering it may beused toexpand the lining within the shell and thus compensate for the shrinkageof the lining as the metal cools.

Theinvention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the appliances for casting thelining in solid shells. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3, the jacketfor supporting a plug within the oiling-aperture of the bearing. Fig. 4is a cross-section of the bearing and jacket upon line 4 4 in Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is an end view of the mandrel, with plan of the bottom capsupporting the same. Fig. 6 is a side view of one of the segmentsdetached from the mandrel. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the apparatusfor casting the lining in half-shells, partly in section above themiddle line m m. Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the same with the uppercap retracted and the whole shell broken away above the middle line.Fig. 9 shows the reverse side of the apparatus with a portion brokenfrom one edge to clear the adjacent 9 figure. Fig. 10 is a perspectiveview of the blank for one of the ribs. Fig. 11 is a section on line 1111 in Fig. 8, looking toward the top end cap. Fig. 12 is a section online 12 12 in Fig. 8, looking toward the middle line m m, with thehalf-shell and one of the mandrel-segments retracted from the backplate. Fig. 13 shows the end of the apparatus, looking at the top ofFig. 7. Fig. 14 is an eleva-.

tion, partly in section, of devices for expanding the lining when cast.Fig. 15 is a sec tion on line 15 15 in Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a sideelevation, and Fig. 17 an end elevation, of a block for centering themold parts, with circles representing the peripheries of the bearing andthe cap. Fig. 18 is a vertical section of mold with projectingmandrel-core.

Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, will be first described, relating to the liningof complete slrel ls.

A designates the body of the shell; B, the Babbitt or soft metal liningof the same; 0, the core of the mandrel, and O detachable segments uponthe quarters of the same.

D are ribs attached to the segments 0 and adapted to form intersectingspiral channels in opposite sides of the lining, so as to oil the upperand lower sides of the bearing. An oiling-aperture E is shown at theright-hand side of the bearing.

F F are upper and lower caps formed with recess 0 to center the mandreland recess a to center the bearing, the latter being shown withcylindrical body and cylindrical flanges A at the ends, as isillustrated more clearly in Fig. 8, where the lower end of the bearingis shown in full lines at A and the upper end in dotted lines A Fig. 4shows the cylindrical body of the bearing in section. upper cap F isformed with a pouring-hole f and a vent-hole f, and a hopper is providedto introduce the fluid metal readily to the hole f by hingin g a bar Gupon the top of the cap and forming apertures g and g through the sameto correspond with the holes f and f The hole g is flared outwardly toreceive the metal readily from a ladle H.

A cover is shown in Fig. l fitted to the body of the bearing and formedof two semicylindrical jackets I and I, one of them having a plug E upontheinner side of the jacket, as shown in Fig. 3, and adapted to projectthrough the oiling-aperture E into contact with the mandrel, as shown inFigs. 1 and 4,- and thus prevent the Babbitt metal from filling theaperture when the lining is cast. The edges of the jackets are formed,respectively, with a bent tongue I) and hinge-loop b, adapted to fitover the same, as shown in Fig. 4. The jacketsare preferably lined witha layer of asbestos-paper 2', which permits the jacket to clamp thebearing elastically and prevents leakage around the plug E. l

The arrangement of the segments 0 upon the mandrel-core C is clearlyshown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, the segments embracing such part of thesurface as is provided with the ribs D and extending from end to end ofthe mandrel, so that they are embraced by the recesses c in the caps F Fand thus held in their proper position during the casting operation.

The apparatus is used as follows: The parts of the mandrel are assembledwithin the recess c of the lower cap F, and the bearingis then placedwith one of its flanges A within the recess a in said cap. The cap F isthen F by handle F The placed upon the top of the mandrel and bearingandthe cover or jacket carrying the plug E is clamped about the body of thebearing to fill the oiling-aperture E. The bar G is then adjusted tobring the hopper over the cap F is provided with a thumb-screw h, byturning which the cap may be forced upwardly and drawn from theBabbitt-metal studs which are cast in the holes ff and thus connectedwith the lining B, the inward exl pansion of the holes readilypermitting the 3 metal to withdraw from the holes. 1 between the caps FF is shown in Fig.1 l longer thanthe shell A of the hearing, so that lthe upper flange A is faced with the Babbitt Imetal, and as the holes ff are over such 1 flange the studs referred to project from the latter.sawed from the end of the lining, or may be The space The studs aresubsequently cut or cut off while the metal is soft by rotating cap I(Shown in Fig. 2.) WVith a solid bearing, such as is shown in Fig. 4:,the mandrel can only be removed from the lining by forcing itlongitudinally within 1 the Babbitt lining, and the spiral ribs upon themandrel would necessarily prevent such a displacement, except the ribswere in ade upon the loose segments 0, which permit the core Q to befirst forced out of the bearing and the segments to be then drawninwardly to detach the ribs from the oil-channels in the lining, afterwhich the rib-segments readily drop out of the bearing.

. To facilitate the discharge of the core, it

may be slightly tapered, as is indicated,where it joins the edges of thesegments in Figs. 1 and 8.

The means shown for casting the lining in half-shells, such as are usedin split bearings, is shownin Figs. 7 to 13, inclusive, and differs fromthat shown in the preceding figures in the use of a half-mandrel andhalfcaps, which are mounted upon a back plate J. The mandrel-core O isattached to the plate J by screws j, and. the edges of the segments' 0are provided with pins 0, fitted to holes cl in the back plate to holdthem in position before the caps are adjusted. Fig. 7 shows both capsadjusted npon i'he ends of the bearing in readiness for casting, theupper half of the figure being partly in section.

The mandrel in this figure shows the opposite ends of two spiral ribswhich intersect or cross one another upon the outer side of the mandrel,as indicated in Fig. 8. In this figure the upper half of the bearing isindicated merely in dotted lines A to fully expose the mandrel and ribsto View, and the upper cap is shown retracted from the end of themandrel, as would be done after the linthe top of the mandrel.

ing is cast to detach the shell from the mandrel. Each cap is heldmovably to the back plate by gibs K, fitted to slots is in the plate, asshown in Figs. 9 and 11, and is movable to and from the ends of themandrel by a set screw 72., swiveled in the cap by screws Z. (Shown inFigs. 7 and 11.) The cover for the oiling-aperture E is formed of a barE to which the stud E is affixed, the bar being pressed toward the outerside of the hearing by a brace M, jointed upon one of the caps by screwm, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, and held detachably upon the other cap,when adjusted, by screw and thumb-nut m. The center of the brace isprovided with a setscrew N to press upon the bar E The casting isperformed by forcing one cap against the end of the mandrel by screw h,then laying the half-shell over the mandrel in contact with the backplate and crowding it into the recess a in such cap. The other cap isthen advanced by its screw h into contact with The bar E is then appliedto close the oiling-aperture E and the brace M secured by the thumb-nutm and the set-screw'N tightened upon the bar. The upper cap is providedwith the movable bar G to guide the metal into the pouring-hole, andwith such bar in position for pouring the metal is poured into the molduntil the holes f and f" are filled, when the bar is shifted laterallyto cut off the hot metal flush with the top of the cap. As thehopper-opening g in the bar Gis flared outwardly, any metal which coolsin the same is readily displaced. The half-shell is removed by reversingthe steps already described and prying the shell loose from the back, asshown in Fig. 12, the loose segments of the mandrel (both of them) beingcarried with the lining of the shell until they are wholly freed fromthe mandrel, when they fall inwardly, so that the ribs clear theoilchannels D. The holes cl being formed in the back at right angles toits surface and the pins 0 fitted thereto the segments are adapted towithdraw from the back by a motion at right angles to the same, which releases the segments from the back, so that they may be afterwarddetached from the shell. A recess e is shown in the face of the backplate J, adjacent to the edges of the shell A, in which a chisel or thintool may be inserted to pry the shell loose from the plate at the closeof the casting operation. The ribs upon the segments 0 when the segmentsare carried clear of the core 0 are able to fall out of the oil-channelsD, so that if the back plate is laid horizontally they fall naturallyinto their original positions upon the core. One of such segments isshown in Fig. 12 thus readjusted upon the core, and the other segmentclinging to the lining of the shell, from which it would be detached andreadjusted upon the mandrel by means of the pins 0, and the apparatus isthen ready for a repetition of the process.

I have found by experience that the mandrel and its ribs are preferablymade of steel and that the ribs are made most cheaply by constructingthem separately and attaching them to the exterior of the mandrel. Theribs are so small that they are weakened by forming rivet or screw holestherein, and I therefore form each rib in sections D as shown in Fig.10, with integral pins (1 formed thereon at regular intervals, whichwhen the rib is bent to a suitable shape are driven into holes drilledin the exterior of the mandrel and thus hold the ribs firmly in place.

In Fig. 8 the crossing of the ribs D is shown upon the edge of the corewhich is extended to the surface of the mandrel and therefore in contactwith the lining, and the remainder of the ribs are shown upon thesegments 0. Such portion of the ribs may be formed integral with thecore where the movement of the shell is at right angles to the surfaceof the mandrel at such point, as is the case with the half shell and themandrel shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 1 represents a mandrel having two sets of intersecting ribs uponopposite sides, and the ribs are shown wholly upon the detachablesegments.

By making the core of the mandrel tapering,

as shown in Fig. 14, it may be used to expand the lining within theshell and thus compensate for the shrinkage of the lining as thelining-metal cools, and serve to consolidate the metal in close contactwith the wall of the shell, so as to wholly prevent any jarring orvibration of the lining when the bearing is subsequently put into use.Such construction involves a tapering core considerably longer than thesuperficial segments, so as to be forced gradually through the same. Thesegments in this case would in close or embrace the whole exterior ofthe core, as shown in Fig. 15, and the shell when removed from the moldwould, if not of sufficient strength to endure the operation ofexpanding the lining, be reinforced by clamps 1 provided with lugs I andheld upon the body of the shell by bolts I or other suitable means. Thebearing and the lower ends of the segments would then be supported upona tubular standard P, resting upon asupporting surface or table P, andthe core 0 would be forced longitudinally through the segments of themandrel by a mallet, screw-pressure, or other suitable means. With thecore thus constructed one or both of the caps F F would be perforated atthe center, as shown at O in Fig. 18, to let the core project throughsuch cap or caps during the casting operation, the caps being removed,when the lining was cast, to apply the clamps I to sustain the shellduring the expanding operation. The reinforcing-clamp I may be used tosupport a solid shell during the expansion of the lining or to sustaintwo half-shells in a similar manner. In such case the half-shells wouldbe separately lined and when removed from the half-mandrel shown in Fig.7 would be fitted about the mandrel shown in Fig. 14 to be expanded.

The apparatus shown may be used for casting a lining in bearings ofdifierent lengths by employing a mandrel of length suited to the bearingand caps, the jacket with the construction shown in Fig. 1 being madeshort enough to fit between the flanges A of the shortest shell and thebrace M being slotted at the fulcrum-pin m to suit the various positionsof the caps.

The caps are shown with recesses a and c fitted to mandrels and bearingsof a certain diameter, but they may be bushed when required to centermandrels and bearings of smaller diameter. The recesses in the capsserve to hold the segments detachably upon the core in the center of theshell during the casting operation and release them automatically fromthe core when the caps are re tracted to remove the shell from the mold,thus permitting the segments to follow the Babbitt-metal lining and tomove laterally within the same to clear the ribs from the oilchanuels.

It is common in casting tubular ingots to center a mandrel with the moldby means of caps; but I am not aware that a recess in the center of acap has ever been used to hold the segments and core of a mandrel in thedesired relation during the casting operation.

The shell may be centered with the caps by a bearing-surface applied tothe exterior of the shell, and such means is shown in Figs. 16 and 17for centering the caps upon a solid shell in a horizontal position, theshell A, caps F F, and mandrel 0 being indicated in these figures indotted lines only. The means consists of a block Q, having a centralseat R to support the body of the shell and two end seats S to supportthe caps F F. The seats R and S are concentric with the center of theshell, but embrace, respectively, only a portion-say one-third of theshell or cap.

With the shell A in a horizontal position the mold requires nopouring-gate, as the fluid metal is readily poured through theoiling-aperture E or an aperture formed in the side of the shell forsuch purpose, the aperture being disposed at the top of the shell tofacilitate the introduction of the fluid metal. I have used such devicesuccessfully, but find it preferable to hold the shell vertically, asshown in Fig. 1, when casting the lining. The back plate J for thehalf-mandrel which is shown in Figs. 7 to 9, inclusive, is laidhorizontally when assembling the parts formolding, but is then setvertically, as represented in Fig. 7, to pour the metal in the hopperg-.

My invention is obviously adapted for lining the shells ofjournal-bearings with any metal that is suitable to use in such a mold.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what I claim hereinis-- bearings, the combination, with the shell, of a mandrel, capsfitted to the ends of the shell and provided with recesses to center theopposite ends of the mandrel within the shell, one of said caps having apouring-hole with vent-hole adjacent thereto, and the bar G hinged uponthe cap and formed with the hopper g and vent-hole g, and movabletransversely to the pouring-hole, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a mold for babbitting the shells of journal-bearings, thecombination, with the shell, of caps fitted to the ends of the shell andrecessed to center the opposite ends of a mandrel, and a mandrel havingribs formed with integral pins (1 inserted in the exterior of themandrel to hold the ribs thereon, sub- I stantially as herein set forth.I

3. In a mold for lining half-shells of jour- ,nalbearings, thecombination, with a back 1 plate, of half-caps secured movably upon theiplate near opposite ends of the same, the iscrews 7?. upon the plate toadjust the said caps, and a half-mandrel fitted to the plate concentricwith the half-caps, substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, thecombination, with a flat back plate, of half-caps fitted at the ends ofsuch plate to center the half-shell, and a with lateral segments securedin position by the pins 0 fitted to holes d in the plate, as and for thepurpose set forth.

5. In a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, thecombination, with a fiat back plate, of half-caps secured movably to theplate at opposite ends, with means for moving them toward one another tocenter the shell, a mandrel having a core attached to the plate withlateral segments secured in position by the pins 0 fitted to holes d inthe plate, and one of the caps having the pourin g-hole f and vent-holef, and provided with the bar G pivoted upon the cap, and having thehopper g and vent-hole g, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. I11 a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, having eachthe oiling-aperture E, the combination, with a back plate, of half-capssecured movably upon the plate near opposite ends of the same, ahalf-mandrel fitted to the plate, the bar F. having stud E fitted toaperture E, and the brace M hinged to one of the caps and secureddetachably to the other cap, and provided with the setscrew N to pressupon the bar E as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a mold for babbitting shells of journal-bearings, the combination,with the shell, of caps provided with annular flanges to engage theopposite ends of the shell and recessed to lit the opposite ends of amandrel, and the mandrel made of suitable length to 7 hold one of thecaps away from the end of mandrel having a core attached to the plate 1.In a mold for lining shells for journalthe shell to cast a collar uponthe end of the Babbitt lining, substantially as herein set forth.

8. In a mold for babbitting shells of journal-bearings, the combination,with a mandrel having superficial segments and a taperin g core ofgreater length than such segments, of caps provided with annular flangesto engage the opposite ends of the shell, and formed with apertures tofit the opposite ends of the mandrel and perforations to permit theprojection of the core, the Whole being adapted to cast the lining inthe shell with the core projecting through the ends of the mandrel,substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CHARLES F. UEBELAOKER.

Witnesses:

THOMAS S. CRANE, PATRICK CONNOR.

